What You'll See:
This video provides another great example of how mature bulls interact with their cows, and how patient they are in letting the cows do what they want to do, without pestering them. In addition to his bugling, the bull in this sequence provides several great examples of Glunking and Huffing, and several examples of classic courting behavior. Regarding cow vocalizations, the sequence offers a few good examples of a Selfish Mew, some Lost Mews, Frustrated Whines, and an Assembly Mew. As with a few of the other Gallery videos, this encounter was filmed along a busy roadway, and while there's a little "human-related" noise in the background, the elk behavior and their vocalizations are clearly seen and heard.

Setting the Stage:
As I was watching this bull and his harem out in the meadow feeding several hundred yards away, I realized that a couple of the cows were starting to make a bee-line toward this water hole. Figuring there would be at least a few good interactions and some vocalizing while they were coming in to water, I raced around and got set up before anyone else knew where they were headed. Sure enough, by the time I got re-positioned, and the camera running, the entire harem was headed my way.

Viewing / Listening Tips:
Like with most Gallery clips, listening with headphones or ear-buds lets you hear many of the more subtle sounds, but just be careful with your volume setting - especially toward the end; the volume of some of his bugles can be quite loud.

Vocalizations:
Levels 2 & 3 Dominant Bugles, Check Bugles, Glunks, Huffs, Whines (bull), Frustrated Whines, Selfish Mews, Lost Mews, and Assembly Mews