In general, Contact Bugles are used to solicit a response from another animal (when initiated by a bull) and to express a level of curiosity or interest
in another animal (when given as a response). Responses to Contact Bugles are most often vocal but can sometimes be physical, with other animals
coming in to make visual contact with the bull that's vocalizing.

LEVEL 1 CONTACT BUGLE
This is the most basic Contact Bugle. It is sometimes also referred to as a "Location" Bugle. The Level 1 Contact Bugle is the mildest—or least
"intense"—Contact Bugle; in many cases, it's the first level of the vocalization used by a bull to make contact with another animal. Similar to the Lost
Mew made by cows/calves, when initiated by a bull, it asks: "Who's out there, and where are you?" and seeks some sort of response—typically vocal.
The request can be sent to locate another elk (either bull or cow) or to solicit a vocal response from another bull to audibly
"evaluate" them from a safe distance. When given in response to another elk, the Level 1 Contact Bugle expresses mild interest or curiosity in what
was heard while at the same time (if given in response to another bull) relaying very little information from which the other bull can evaluate the
responding bull.

The Level 1 Contact Bugle starts with a long, drawn out, clear, "whistling" high note, then falls off to a short, "breathy" lower note.

LEVEL 2 CONTACT BUGLE
This is the next step up in the intensity level of a Contact Bugle. Like the Level 1 Contact Bugle, when initiated by a bull, the Level 2 Contact Bugle is
used to solicit a response from another animal (vocal or otherwise), but this time adds more intensity to the request. When given in response to
another elk, the Level 2 Contact Bugle expresses a moderate to high interest in what was heard.

The Level 2 Contact Bugle starts at a "breathy" low pitch, rises to a long, drawn-out, high-pitched "whistle" that is held momentarily, and then either
ends there (with the high note ending as the animal cuts the vocalization off mid-breath) or by falling off to a breathy low pitch again (that may or
may not be as low as where the vocalization started). In either case, the high note of the vocalization is what is drawn out the longest and/or
emphasized the most.

LEVEL 3 CONTACT BUGLE
This is the most "intense" Contact Bugle.

Like the Level 1 and Level 2 Contact Bugles, when initiated by a bull, the Level 3 Contact Bugle is used to solicit a response from another animal
(vocal or otherwise), but this time adds an even higher level of intensity to the request. When given in response to another elk, the Level 3 Contact
Bugle expresses a high level of interest in what was heard.

Like the Level 2 Contact Bugle, Level 3 starts at a "breathy" low pitch, rises to a long, drawn-out, high-pitched "whistle" that is held momentarily, with
the "bugle" portion of the vocalization either ending there (with the high note ending as the animal cuts the vocalization off mid-breath) or by
falling off to a breathy low pitch again (that may or may not be as low as where the vocalization started). After the "bugle" portion, High-Pitched
Fast-Paced Chuckles are added to express a higher level of curiosity, interest, or "earnestness.

Depending on the intended level of intensity, either the high note of the vocalization is what is drawn out the longest and/or emphasized the most,
the high notes of the chuckles are emphasized the most, or BOTH the high notes of the bugle and chuckles are emphasized.